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Hillclimbing is a problem faced by railway systems when a load must be carried up an incline. While railways have a great ability to haul very heavy loads, this advantage is only significant when the tracks are fairly level. As soon as the gradients stiffen, the tonnage that can be hauled is greatly diminished. == Techniques to overcome steep hills == Some of the techniques that can be used to overcome steep hills include: * dividing the load or splitting the train, which requires a siding at the summit. * attaching additional banking engine(s). * replacing the engine with a more powerful heavier engine for the duration of the steep grade. * strengthening the track on or approaching the steep grade, allowing higher speeds, and allowing the train a run at the gradient. This can be used in short underwater tunnels, where there is a steep descent just before the climb. * using two-in-one articulated locomotives such as the Fairlie, Garratt or Mallet locomotive. * using a Booster engine, though this is usually limited to starting the heavy train. * Zig Zags * Spirals * Horseshoe curves * Rack railway * Fell mountain railway system * Elevators, cable railways, or funicular railways driven by stationary engines (cable haulage up and down inclines). * Geared steam locomotives such as a Shay locomotive * Atmospheric railway * Cable car (railway) * Rail surface treatment * Compensation for curvature - the gradient is slightly eased on sharpest curves so that the tractive effort to pull the train is uniform. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hillclimbing (railway)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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